THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PRATIMARSHA NASYA W.S.R. TO SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY

Study was planned to preventively deal with sleep disturbances which are waiting to become public health problem. As much as 30% individuals among apparently healthy individuals in India suffer from occasional insomnia. Ayurveda classics offered a solution by use of Pratimarsha Nasya as daily regimen to improve sleep quality. Anu taila is best used for Nasya Karma, so was chosen as medicine for this clinical observational study. Material and methods- 28 subjects were selected randomly and every evening two drops Anu taila in each nostril was administered for 3 months. Result- Significant improvement was found on PSQI, ESS sleepiness scale as well as self developed Sukhnidra Sukhprabodham scale. For self developed sleep quality assessment scale, null scores were present in the enrolled subjects with Baseline mean + SD 0.00 + 0.00 and gradual increase across subsequent intervals. Mean + SD after Trial is 14.54 +1.97. So subjects showed significant response to Pratimarsha nasya with p value <0.0001 and Z value 4.647. Conclusion- Overall sleep quality is more improved after administration of pratimarsha nasya, different components of sleep quality considered viz. getting to sleep, quality of sleep, awake following sleep, behaviour following wakening all are positively changed. Pratimarsha nasya has such a vast positive effect on physiology of sleep that it deserves to be incorporated in daily regimen and can be called as “two drops for well-being of Urdhvajatru”

NetShaper: A Differentially Private Network Side-Channel Mitigation System

The widespread adoption of encryption in network protocols has significantly improved the overall security of many Internet applications. However, these protocols cannot prevent network side-channel leaks -- leaks of sensitive information through the sizes and timing of network packets. We present NetShaper, a system that mitigates such leaks based on the principle of traffic shaping. NetShaper's traffic shaping provides differential privacy guarantees while adapting to the prevailing workload and congestion condition, and allows configuring a tradeoff between privacy guarantees, bandwidth and latency overheads. Furthermore, NetShaper provides a modular and portable tunnel endpoint design that can support diverse applications. We present a middlebox-based implementation of NetShaper and demonstrate its applicability in a video streaming and a web service application

In Vitro Anti Bacterial Potential of Different Extracts of Tagetes Erecta and Tagetes Patula

The antimicrobial activity of cold aqueous, hot aqueous and methanol extracts of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula flowers was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against ten different pathogenic species of Gram-negative bacteria viz.,  Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica serotype Aboni and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, four different pathogenic species of Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans and Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract of Tagetes erecta at 40 mg/ml concentration was found to have better inhibitory activity when compared to cold and hot aqueous extracts, which were evident through the increased zones of inhibition against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Methanol extract of Tagetes erecta showed highest inhibition zone of 26 mm against Aeromonas sorbia, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC7405) and Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate), while lowest inhibition zone of 12 mm with Bacillus subtilis. Similarly, hot aqueous extracts of Tagetes patula had better activity as compare to cold aqueous extract and methanol extract at 40mg/ml concentration. It had highest and lowest zone of inhibition with Proteus vulgaris OX19 (30 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (clinical iolate) (13 mm) respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were between concentrations of 20 - 160 mg/ml with aqueous or methanol extracts of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula flowers for most of the tested bacteria. Results of antimicrobial activity of extracts indicate that they possess potential broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Keywords: Tagetes flower extracts, antibacterial activit

Arbuscular mycorrhizas amplify the risk of heavy metal transfer to human food chain from fly ash ameliorated agricultural soils

Soil contaminants threaten global food security by posing threats to food safety through food chain pollution. Fly ash is a potential agent of soil contamination that contains heavy metals and hazardous pollutants. However, being rich in macro- and micronutrients that have direct beneficial effects on plant growth, fly ash has been recommended as a low-cost soil ameliorant in agriculture in countries of the Global South. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ubiquitous in agricultural soils, enhance efficiency of plant nutrient uptake from soils but can equally increase uptake of toxic pollutants from fly ash ameliorated soils to edible crop tissues. We investigated AMF-mediated amplification of nutrient and heavy metal uptake from fly ash amended soils to shoots, roots and grains of barley. We used a microcosm-based experiment to analyse the impacts of fly ash amendments to soil in concentrations of 0 (control), 15, 30 or 50% respectively, on root colonization by AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and AMF-mediated transfer of N, P and heavy metals: Ni, Co, Pb and Cr to barley tissues. These concentrations of fly ash are equivalent to 0, 137, 275 and 458 t ha−1 respectively, in soil. Root AMF colonization correlated negatively with fly ash concentration and was not detected at 50% fly ash amendment. Shoots, roots and grains of mycorrhizal barley grown with 15, 30 and 50% fly ash amendments had significantly higher concentrations of Ni, Co, Pb and Cr compared to the control and their respective non-mycorrhizal counterparts. Presence of heavy metals in barley plants grown with fly ash amended soil and their increased AMF-mediated translocation to edible grains may significantly enhance the volume of heavy metals entering the human food chain. We recommend careful assessment of manipulation of agricultural soils with fly ash as heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soils and human tissues may cause irreversible damage

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTERIC COATED MUCOADHESIVE TABLET OF CAPTOPRIL

Delayed sustained release formulation is to retard release of the drug form the stomach and release in the intestinal pH. Captopril is recommended as first choice of drug. Attacks of the myocardial infarction are generally in the early morning or night. Captopril is showing less bioavailability in presence of food. With enteric coating problem should be solved out. It also minimizes the gastric irritation of the captopril. Captopril is widely used for the arterial hypertension. It also used for myocardial infarction and in diabetic nephropathy. The drug dose is taken three times daily, which may give poor patients compliance. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to decrease dosing frequency by prepare a mucoadhesive tablets using various polymers such as HPMC K4M, bael gum and chitosan. Eudragit RL100 used as enteric coating polymer. Formulations friability, drug content, surface pH, wash off test, mucoadhesive strength and dissolution study. The results of friability tests carried out for all the formulations are within the official limit and acceptable. According to wash off test the formulation containing bael gum showing better results. All the formulation was showing better swelling property. F4 (formulation containing bael gum) was showing best mucoadhesive strength among all the formulations.  In in-vitro drug release study formulation (F4) containing bael gum showing better control release among all the formulations i.e. 86.488 % in 12 hrs

Deep phenotyping and genomic data from a nationally representative study on dementia in India

The Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) is a nationally representative in-depth study of cognitive aging and dementia. We present a publicly available dataset of harmonized cognitive measures of 4,096 adults 60 years of age and older in India, collected across 18 states and union territories. Blood samples were obtained to carry out whole blood and serum-based assays. Results are included in a venous blood specimen datafile that can be linked to the Harmonized LASI-DAD dataset. A global screening array of 960 LASI-DAD respondents is also publicly available for download, in addition to neuroimaging data on 137 LASI-DAD participants. Altogether, these datasets provide comprehensive information on older adults in India that allow researchers to further understand risk factors associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.Peer reviewe

Expeditious mechanochemical conversion of dihydronaphthalenyl-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamides into hydrazono-thiazolidin-4-one and hydrazono-dihydrothiazole derivatives—Spectroscopic, DFT, X-ray diffraction, and antibacterial studies

This study reports a facile mechanochemical conversion of N-phenylthiosemicarbazone derivatives of 1-tetralone analogs into thiazolidin-4-ones, thiazolidin-5-ylidene-acetates, and dihydrothiazoles by their condensation with chloroacetic acid, DMAD, and phenacyl bromide, respectively. Triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [Et3NH]+ [HSO4]− is employed as solid catalyst for this prompt and ecological conversion through which the target products are formed within 10–30 minutes in quantitative yields. The products have been characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data. X-ray diffraction studies of thiazolidin-5-ylidene-acetate 5b, supported by DFT calculations of E/Z isomers of 5b, are presented. Compounds 4, 5, and 7 are assayed for their antibacterial prospects against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacterial stains. Some derivatives show highly promising antibacterial activities.</p